Cryptography is the study of how to make messages secret or how to read secret messages. A very simple encryption technique is called the Caesar cipher -- more information on it can be found here. The basic idea is that each letter is replaced by a letter that is a certain number of letters away, so for example if the shift was 2, then A would become C, B would become D, etc. (and Z will become B).
Write a piece of code that given a string and a shift, will produce the encrypted string for that shift. Note that the same routine can be used to decrypt a message, by passing it a negative shift.
The rules are: you should only accept and return lowercase letters, and spaces should not be changed.
Then, decrypt the following message, which was encrypted with a shift of 13:
pbatenghyngvbaf lbh unir fhpprrqrq va qrpelcgvat gur fgevat
Now if you are up for a challenge, try and decrypt this and find the shift:
wxkxmh ngynlcb cqn byjwrbq rwzdrbrcrxw
Hint: there are several ways you can convert between letters and numbers. One is to use the built-in functions chr and ord (and remember you can find out more about a function by using ? in IPython). Another is to set up the alphabet in a string and use item access ([3]) to convert from numbers to letters, and the index method to convert from letters to numbers.
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